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81.
平均大潮高潮面的科学定位和现实描述 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在对平均大潮高潮面进行科学定位的基础上,进一步阐明了我国海岸线(岛屿岸线、明礁、灯塔)起算面的定义。引入了三个国标的定义和沿海五省制定的法律条例的规定,结合东海及其岛屿海岸线不同起算面的计算算例,论证了我国海岸线就是平均大潮高潮面形成的实际痕迹线,并以此作为海陆分界线的科学定位和现实意义,澄清了在这一领域存在的一些异议和模糊认识。同时,并就这一重要的基准面进行现实的描述,以期服务于当前我国沿海经济建设、海域使用管理、海岸带开发和有关专项调查以及海洋测绘事业中。 相似文献
82.
El Niño对东亚气候年际异常影响的数值模拟 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据1949~1998年期间8次显著El Niño事件合成的24个月年际海温异常(SSTAs)和气候平均的海温(SST),利用CCM3分别进行了3个包含10次积分的集合试验,即控制试验(CTRL),热带太平洋海洋全球大气试验(TOGA)以及整个太平洋海洋全球大气试验(TOGA-NP),通过对比分析这3个试验之间的集合模拟结果,揭示了在El Niño不同演变阶段东亚气候年际异常响应结构以及北太平洋年际SSTAs在此过程中的调制作用.结果表明:El Niño发展阶段夏季,东亚地区大气环流异常呈显著的负PJ波列,副热带高压减弱、偏东,东亚夏季风增强,东北和江淮流域降水偏多,华北和长江流域及其以南地区降水偏少;El Niño成熟阶段冬季,东亚大槽加强,东亚北部冬季风加强,西太平洋副热带地区低层有显著的反气旋式异常风场,华南地区降水显著增多;El Niño衰亡阶段夏季东亚气候年际异常型与其发展阶段夏季几乎相反.同时,北太平洋年际SSTAs对El Niño影响东亚气候年际异常有一定的调制作用,使模拟的我国降水异常分布更符合观测. 相似文献
83.
84.
High-resolution underway temperature and conductivity measurements collected by R/V Knorr during winter and spring 2003 are used to characterize errors associated with spatial aliasing in the northern and central Adriatic Sea. During winter, 99th percentile temperature, salinity and density errors were 0.62 °C, 0.25 and 0.12 kg/m3 (0.25 °C, 0.10 and 0.05 kg/m3) for sampling at 10 km (5 km) horizontal resolution, respectively. The corresponding values in spring were 1.31 °C, 0.50 and 0.40 kg/m3 (0.93 °C, 0.25 and 0.22 kg/m3) for the 10 km (5 km) sample spacing, respectively. The largest errors were associated with energetic regions over the shallow, western Adriatic, in front of the Po River mouth and off the tip of the Istrian peninsula. The deeper eastern basin exhibited smaller errors. The variability of errors in time and space reflected the variability of small-scale density features, characterized by wavelengths as small as 2 km in winter and 1 km in spring and being more pronounced in the western and northern parts of the Adriatic. As these results indicate that errors associated with undersampling can be considerable, they should be taken into account while planning future CTD measurements in the region. 相似文献
85.
86.
Abstract. The emergence of the Isthmus of Panama subdivided the amphi-American biota. In the present study, Pacific and Atlantic populations of four cognate pairs of crabs were used to discern whether exposure to different thermal regimes in habitats, in the putative absence of gene flow, has resulted in physiological divergence. Populations that potentially form a common genetic pool were also used; these were populations of the Atlantic Panama cognate that occur in Belize and Florida. Decreases in water temperature occur periodically in Pacific Panama and Florida, but not in Atlantic Panama or Belize. In this study, physiological divergence in oxygen uptake was assessed in response to repeated exposure to either control and decreased temperature or control and increased temperature. Results indicate that, in only some of the genera tested, exposure to decreases in habitat temperature has resulted in divergence. Partial support is found for the corollary that adaptation to an environment with periods of decreased temperature results in reduced compensation during exposure to elevated temperature. 相似文献
87.
A repeat hydrographic section has been maintained over two decades along the 180° meridian across the subarctic-subtropical
transition region. The section is naturally divided into at least three distinct zones. In the Subarctic Zone north of 46°N,
the permanent halocline dominates the density stratification, supporting a subsurface temperature minimum (STM). The Subarctic
Frontal Zone (SFZ) between 42°–46°N is the region where the subarctic halocline outcrops. To the south is the Subtropical
Zone, where the permanent thermocline dominates the density stratification, containing a pycnostad of North Pacific Central
Mode Water (CMW). The STM water colder than 4°C in the Subarctic Zone is originated in the winter mixed layer of the Bering
Sea. The temporal variation of its core temperature lags 12–16 months behind the variations of both the winter sea surface
temperature (SST) and the summer STM temperature in the Bering Sea, suggesting that the thermal anomalies imposed on the STM
water by wintertime air-sea interaction in the Bering Sea spread over the western subarctic gyre, reaching the 180° meridian
within a year or so. The CMW in this section originates in the winter mixed layer near the northern edge of the Subtropical
Zone between 160°E and 180°. The CMW properties changed abruptly from 1988 to 1989; its temperature and salinity increased
and its potential density decreased. It is argued that these changes were caused by the climate regime shift in 1988/1989
characterized by weakening of the Aleutian Low and the westerlies and increase in the SST in the subarctic-subtropical transition
region.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
88.
89.
从高压水射流技术在水下工程中应用及高压水射流的作用效应和伤害特征着手,分析影响水下高压水射流作业安全的因素,总结各国制订高压水射流作业的安全标准规程现状,提出制订我国水下高压水射流作业安全规程若干认识和设想。 相似文献
90.